Advantages and Disadvantages of Colonialism

Colonial rule in Sri Lanka left a multifaceted legacy, marked by both beneficial and adverse outcomes, although discussions often emphasize its negative repercussions. The colonial period brought about significant and lasting harm, particularly through economic exploitation and the exacerbation of ethnic tensions. However, it is important to acknowledge some of the advantages that the island's inhabitants experienced as a result of colonialism.

It is essential to recognize some of the beneficial outcomes that emerged during this period. Before colonialism, the traditional monarchy operated as a dictatorship, subjecting many citizens to hardship and oppression. In contrast, colonial governance provided a semblance of freedom that was previously unattainable. 

The arrival of the Portuguese, for instance, played a crucial role in curbing the spread of Islamization in the region, thereby preserving certain cultural elements of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, colonialism facilitated the introduction of industrialization and allowed Sri Lankans to engage with the European Renaissance, marking a significant shift in societal development. The British colonial administration, in particular, laid the groundwork for modern infrastructure and systems that transformed the island.  

The colonial rule abolished, "දණ්ඩ නමස්කාරය" -obeisance with the forehead touching the ground, which symbolizes servitude.  The villagers' labour could no longer be exploited without fair compensation, ensuring that their rights were upheld. Additionally, their property was safeguarded against arbitrary seizure, and they were allowed to pursue legal action under Roman-Dutch law instead of being subjected to local regulations.  

Postal services were developed along major highways and railways to improve connectivity with Sri Lanka. The government repurposed lands that were once cultivated by farmers using basic tools, converting them into tea plantations that became vital to the nation's economy. 

Education was expanded to encompass subjects such as science and geography for children attending Pirivena schools, which primarily focused on religious instruction.  The villagers, once struggling farmers, gained the opportunity to engage in trade, which enabled them to evolve into entrepreneurs and landowners.

Before 1815, Sri Lanka was relatively underdeveloped compared to Europe, characterized by feudal rule and limited educational opportunities, with the majority of the population engaged in subsistence farming and a low literacy rate. The knowledge of the outside world was confined to a small elite. However, following the end of feudalism in 1815, a new era began to unfold. By 1848 (  within 33 years following the conclusion of the monarchy), Harry Dias Bandaranaike, a bilingual native who had pursued legal studies, became the first Sri Lankan to take an oath as a lawyer in court, marking a pivotal moment in the legal landscape. This shift heralded the emergence of a more educated generation that sought justice through established legal frameworks rather than relying on the arbitrary judgments of local rulers. Thus, while the colonial period brought about both challenges and advancements, it ultimately paved the way for a more progressive society, offering insights into the trajectory of Sri Lanka's development.