Leading a Fulfilling Life After Service for Sri Lanka's Armed Forces Veterans

 

 

Major Gen. Dr. Boniface Perera & Dr Ruwan M Jayatunge  

Sri Lankan armed forces veterans participated in a lengthy and intense conflict known as the Eelam War, culminating in a significant victory in 2009. Despite this achievement, many veterans emerged from the conflict with lasting physical injuries that continue to affect their lives long after their military service has ended. Additionally, numerous veterans were confronted with the harsh realities of war, leading to mental health challenges such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Unfortunately, a substantial number of these conditions remain undiagnosed and untreated, which exacerbates their struggles and diminishes their overall quality of life in civilian settings. The psychological and emotional toll of their experiences significantly impacts their well-being, highlighting the urgent need for effective interventions aimed at improving their psychosocial health. Comprehensive support systems must be established to address these issues, ensuring that veterans receive the necessary care and resources to facilitate their transition to post-military life.

The Transition from Military to Civilian Life  

Military personnel transitioning to civilian life, particularly those who have experienced combat, face a myriad of challenges as they attempt to reintegrate into society (Misca et al., 2023). This shift from military to civilian life is fraught with complexities for veterans globally, and the armed forces veterans in Sri Lanka are no exception. After years of service, discipline, and a strong sense of purpose and camaraderie, the abrupt shift can lead to crises of identity, social integration, and economic viability. A truly satisfied post-military life, therefore, requires a holistic approach that addresses both economic development and health, physical and mental. It is a new mission that demands strategy, support, and resilience.

The shift from a military career to civilian life presents a formidable challenge for numerous officers, often leading to a range of adjustment difficulties. This transition can be particularly daunting due to the stark differences in lifestyle, culture, and expectations between military and civilian environments. Officers may find themselves grappling with the loss of structure and camaraderie that characterized their military service, which can result in feelings of isolation and uncertainty. Additionally, the skills and experiences gained during military service may not always translate seamlessly into the civilian job market, further complicating the adjustment process. As they navigate this new terrain, many veterans must also confront emotional and psychological hurdles. Consequently, it is essential for support systems, including family, friends, and community resources, to be in place to assist these individuals in successfully reintegrating into civilian life.

Physical Rehabilitation and Support

The importance of rehabilitation following war cannot be overstated (Eldar & Jelić, 2003).  Access to high-quality prosthetic limbs, maintenance services, and specialized rehabilitation is essential for disabled veterans, as it directly impacts their quality of life and ability to reintegrate into society. While various organizations and government agencies provide crucial support, including financial assistance for significant surgeries and necessary equipment, the existing system requires enhancement to ensure that veterans can receive timely and localized care throughout the island. This improvement is vital not only for the physical rehabilitation of these individuals but also for fostering their independence and overall well-being. A more robust framework would facilitate quicker access to services, thereby addressing the unique challenges faced by disabled veterans and ensuring they receive the comprehensive support they deserve.

 

Preventing Premature Deaths Among Veterans

The enduring consequences of warfare can lead to significantly elevated mortality rates (Solomon et al., 2013). War veterans may face premature death even after their service due to the lasting physical and psychological effects of combat. These consequences can manifest in various forms, including chronic health issues and mental health disorders, which significantly impact their overall well-being and longevity.

In recent years, there has been a concerning trend regarding the health of officers and soldiers who served in the Eelam War, as many are succumbing to premature deaths attributed to cardiac issues, cancer, and various other health complications. The toll of their wartime experiences is significant; these individuals endured prolonged exposure to harsh environments, faced relentless physical stressors, and often suffered from inadequate sleep and poor nutrition while on the battlefield. Additionally, the psychological burdens they carried, compounded by maladaptive coping mechanisms such as heavy smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, have further deteriorated their overall well-being. It is imperative that we establish a comprehensive health education program tailored specifically for these veterans, focusing on both their physical and mental health needs. Such initiatives should aim to provide them with the necessary resources and support to improve their quality of life and address the long-term effects of their service.

 

Addressing the Loss of Identity

The loss of identity represents a significant challenge for many veterans. During their time in service, they were celebrated as heroes, receiving accolades and recognition for their bravery and sacrifices. However, once the conflict concluded, this admiration often faded, leaving many veterans feeling overlooked and undervalued. As they transition back into civilian life, numerous retired service members grapple with a profound sense of disconnection from society, struggling to find their place and regain the respect they once commanded. This disorientation can severely impact their self-esteem, particularly for those who thrived in the structured and purposeful environment of the military. Upon retirement, they may find themselves in situations where their skills and experiences are no longer applicable or appreciated, leading to feelings of frustration and inadequacy. Consequently, many veterans experience adjustment disorders, and some may even descend into depression as they confront the stark reality of a peaceful society that seems to have little use for their unique capabilities.

To address the issue of identity loss among retired combat veterans, it is essential to prioritize the establishment of new social and professional connections. Engaging in meaningful work or volunteer opportunities can provide a renewed sense of purpose, allowing veterans to discover a new mission that aligns with their skills and interests. Additionally, reconnecting with fellow veterans can foster a sense of camaraderie and understanding, which is often crucial for emotional well-being. Exploring alternative career paths, such as teaching or mentoring, can also be beneficial, as these roles not only utilize their experience but also contribute positively to the community. Furthermore, it is vital to seek professional mental health support to address any underlying conditions such as PTSD, depression, or anxiety, ensuring that veterans receive the comprehensive care they need to navigate this significant transition in their lives.

 

Addressing Loss of Meaning

The loss of meaning profoundly affects veterans, often leaving them feeling adrift and devoid of purpose, as if trapped in a state of limbo. This sense of emptiness frequently intensifies during the difficult transition from military to civilian life, where the challenge of translating their military skills and experiences into a new context can feel overwhelming. Many veterans grapple with haunting memories of fallen comrades and the psychological scars of their wartime experiences, which can lead to a pervasive sense of despair. In some cases, this emotional turmoil can spiral into suicidal ideation, as individuals struggle to find significance in their post-service lives. It is crucial to recognize these individuals and offer them the necessary psychosocial support, ensuring they have access to resources that can help them navigate their feelings of isolation and hopelessness, ultimately guiding them toward a more fulfilling existence.

Addressing the loss of meaning experienced by combat veterans requires a multifaceted approach that acknowledges their unique experiences and challenges. It is essential to create supportive environments where veterans can share their stories and feelings, fostering a sense of community and understanding. Therapeutic interventions, such as counseling and peer support groups, can help individuals process their experiences and find new purpose in life.

 

Difficulties in Community and Family Reintegration

Demers (2011) emphasizes that combat veterans frequently face considerable obstacles when attempting to reintegrate into their families and communities, a process that is often laden with challenges. The importance of reconnecting with family cannot be overstated; however, this transition can be particularly stressful due to the shifts in family dynamics that may have occurred during their absence. Many veterans have spent extended periods in combat, leading to missed milestones and experiences, particularly with their children, which can create a sense of disconnection. Upon returning home, some veterans struggle to re-establish relationships with family members, feeling a profound sense of alienation from their communities. The psychological scars of war, including trauma, can lead to emotional numbing, resulting in behaviors that may appear cold or distant, further exacerbating family tensions. To address these challenges, support groups and family counseling programs can play a vital role in facilitating communication and understanding, helping both veterans and their families navigate the complexities of their new roles and routines in a post-service life.

 

Economic Development and Vocational Re-Skilling

Upon retiring from military service, veterans often encounter significant financial challenges, as their income becomes limited and they must adapt their skills for civilian employment. Economic stability emerges as a pressing concern for veterans and their families, as military pensions, while providing a foundational income, may not suffice to uphold their previous living standards. Many veterans actively seek new career opportunities not only to ensure financial security but also to regain a sense of purpose and productivity in civilian life. The skills they honed during their service—such as leadership, discipline, crisis management, and teamwork—are invaluable assets that can be effectively transferred to various civilian roles.

In Sri Lanka, veterans bring a wealth of technical and administrative expertise gained throughout their military careers. However, the challenge lies in translating their military-specific roles, such as signals operator or logistician, into recognized civilian qualifications. This process necessitates a structured approach to ensure that their experience is acknowledged and leveraged in the job market, allowing them to successfully navigate the transition from military to civilian identity.

 

Addressing Physical Health Issues

Retired military veterans frequently contend with a range of physical health challenges, including diabetes, hypertension, elevated cholesterol levels, and other related conditions. Many of these individuals also endure chronic pain stemming from injuries sustained during their service. To effectively enhance their overall physical well-being, it is essential that veterans receive regular and thorough health assessments, coupled with ongoing medical treatment tailored to their specific needs. This systematic approach not only addresses existing health issues but also plays a crucial role in preventing further complications, ultimately contributing to a better quality of life for those who have served their country.

Addressing Mental Health Issues

Research shows that a significant number of Sri Lankan combatants experience combat-related PTSD, war-induced depression, and challenges in post-combat adjustment (Jayatunge, 2013). Veterans often require mental health services to navigate the complex challenges that arise after their military service. Many individuals face issues such as sleep disturbances and difficulties in managing their emotions, which can stem from the trauma experienced during combat. Research has shown that some veterans may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms later in life as a delayed response to their wartime experiences. This struggle is not limited to the veterans themselves; their family members can also be significantly impacted and may require support to cope with the changes in their loved ones. It is crucial to address and dismantle the stigma associated with seeking mental health care, as this can prevent veterans from accessing the help they need. To effectively support these individuals, it is essential to provide access to skilled mental health professionals who can offer tailored services that address their unique experiences and challenges.

 

Promoting Positive Lifestyles

Veterans who have experienced combat stress often find themselves grappling with negative outlooks and engaging in risky behaviors, which can manifest as excessive alcohol consumption, high tobacco use, or even substance abuse. To counteract these tendencies, it is crucial to promote positive lifestyles that encompass a comprehensive approach to overall well-being. This involves not only physical health through regular exercise and a nutritious diet but also mental and emotional wellness, which can be nurtured through adequate sleep and effective stress management techniques. Essential elements of this holistic approach include cultivating strong social relationships, practicing mindfulness and self-compassion, and pursuing enjoyable hobbies. Additionally, making informed choices that prioritize health, such as reducing exposure to harmful substances, plays a vital role in fostering resilience and enhancing the quality of life for veterans.

 

Conclusion

 Ensuring a rewarding post-military life for veterans of Sri Lanka's Armed Forces is a shared obligation that requires a multifaceted approach. This mission is rooted in recognizing the sacrifices made by these individuals and leveraging their invaluable military expertise to foster success in civilian life. To achieve this, it is crucial to enhance economic prospects through targeted vocational training and entrepreneurial initiatives, while also offering comprehensive, accessible, and stigma-free healthcare services that address both physical and mental health needs. By creating an environment that not only acknowledges their contributions but also actively supports their transition, Sri Lanka can empower its veterans to discover a renewed sense of purpose, security, and overall well-being in their civilian years. This transition should be perceived not merely as a winding down of their military careers, but rather as the beginning of a new chapter filled with opportunities for personal growth and continued service to their families and the nation.

 

 

References

Demers, A. (2011). When Veterans Return: The Role of Community in Reintegration. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 16(2), 160–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2010.519281

Eldar R, Jelić M. The association of rehabilitation and war. Disabil Rehabil. 2003 Sep 16;25(18):1019-23. doi: 10.1080/0963828031000137739. PMID: 12944156.

Jayatunge , R.M. (2013). Shell Shock to Palali Syndrome- PTSD Sri Lankan Experience. Sarasavi Publishers. Colombo.

Misca G, Augustus J, Russell J, Walker J. Meaning(s) of transition(s) from military to civilian life at the intersection with mental health: implications for clinical settings. Front Psychol. 2023 May 9;14:1142528. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1142528. PMID: 37228334; PMCID: PMC10203708.

Solomon Z, Greene T, Ein-Dor T, Zerach G, Benyamini Y, Ohry A. The long-term implications of war captivity for mortality and health. J Behav Med. 2014 Oct;37(5):849-59. doi: 10.1007/s10865-013-9544-3. Epub 2013 Oct 29. PMID: 24165831.